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数词:3+证书考试「英语」知识点复习及解析

【复习要求】
1.识记1~100的基数词和第1~100的序数词的构成。
2.运用数词的用法,年、月、日和时刻的表示法。
3.理解thousands of,millions of的用法。

一、基数词
1.基数词的写法和读法:
(1)1-20的基数词是:one,two,three,four,five,six,seven,eight,nine,ten,eleven,twelve,thirteen, fourteen,fifteen,sixteen,seventeen,eighteen,nineteen,twenty。
注意:13-19的数字,是由3-9加后缀-teen构成。
注意:thirteen,fifteen,eighteen的拼法。
(2)10-100 的十位数为:ten,twenty,thirty,forty,fifty,sixty,seventy,eighty,ninety,hundred。
注意:twenty,forty,fifty,eighty的拼法。
(3)数字21-29是由十位数20加个位数1-9构成,中间必须有连字符。如:twenty-one(21),twenty-two(22),其它的十位数字依此类推,如:thirty-three(33),forty-five(45),sixty-seven(67),seventy-two(72), eighty-nine(89),ninety-six(96)
2.hundred,thousand,million等用来表示确切的数目时,不用复数。如:three hundred,five thousand,nine million。而hundreds of,thousands of,millions of 则表示多而不具体,是一个不确切的数目。如:
Hundreds of people went to the celebration.几百人参加了庆祝会。
3.表示“几十多岁”用in+one’ s+十位数的复数形式。如:in his thirties
4.表示“年代”,用in+the+数词复数。如:in the 1850s 在19世纪50年代

二、序数词
1.序数词第一至第二十的数字为:first(1st),second(2nd),third(3rd),fourth(4th),fifth(5th),sixth(6th),seventh(7th),eighth(8th),ninth(9th), tenth(10th), eleventh(11th),twelfth(12th), thirteenth(13th),fourteenth(14th),fifteenth(15th),sixteenth(16th),seventeenth(17th),eighteenth(18th),nineteenth(19th),twentieth(20th)
注意:英语序数词第1-19中,除了first,second,third 有特殊形式外,其余的一般由基数词加后缀-th构成。
2.从第20-100的十位数字为:
twentieth(20th),thirtieth(30th),fortieth(40th),fiftieth(50th),sixtieth(60th),seventieth(70th),eightieth(80th),ninetieth(90th),hundredth(100th)
注意:十位数的序数词的构成方法是:先将十位数的基数词的词尾ty中的y变成i,然后加后缀-eth。
3.如果是“几十几”的数字,十位数字用基数词,个位数字用序数词,中间用连字符。序数词的数字表达形式是由十位数字加上个位数字,再加上个位数字上的最后两个字母构成。如:
Twenty-first(21st),forty-fifth(45th),thirty-second(32nd),eighty-seventh(87th)
4.如果序数词用作日期或名次,读时前面要加上定冠 “the”。如:
I’ m the first.我是第一名。
My birthday is on May 1st.(读做May the first.)
我的生日是五月一日。

三、数词的用法
1.分数表示法
基数词代表分子,序数词代表分母。分子是1时,分子的基数词和分母的序数词都用单数;分子大于1时,分子的基数词用单数,分母的序数词用复数:如:
1/3:onethird;4/5:fourfifths
2.小数的表示法
基数词+小数点+基数词(小数点读成point,小数点以后的数按一个个基数词读。如:
1.8:one point eight
2.87:two point eight seven
3.百分数的表示法
基数词+per cent(percent),如:15%:fifteen percent
4.年、月、日的表示法
2005年10月1日写作Oct.1(st),2005,读作October the first,two thousand and five。
5.年龄的表示法
这个小男孩三岁。This boy is three years old./This is a three-year-old boy.
6.时刻的表示法
6:20读作six twenty/twenty past six;7:50读作 seven fifty/ten to eight.
7.编号的表示法
“第二课”读作Lesson Two/ the second lesson
“五号房间”读作 Room Five/the fifth room
8.倍数表示法(参照形容词比较级的用法P45)

【例题解析】
1.In this school,classes begin at    in the morning.
A.half past seven    B.thirty seven
C.half to seven    D.seven and a half

【答案】A
【解析】七点半常用下面两种方式来表达:half past seven 和seven thirty。

2.There are about five   workers in our factory.
A.hundreds     B.hundred
C.hundreds of    D.hundred of

【答案】B
【解析】 500应是five hundred,注意hundred后不加“s”。hundreds of是成百、几百的意思,是一个不确切的数字。

3.May is   month of the year.
A.five   B.the five   C.fifth   D.the fifth

【答案】D
【解析】五月是一年的第五个月,这里应用序数词。基数词是five,序数词是fifth,序数词前要加定冠词the。

4.It was in   when he was already in   that he went to Yan’ an.
A.the 1940s;the 40s     B.the 1940s;his forties
C.1940’ s;his forties    D.the 1940’ s;his 40s

【答案】B
【解析】“在40世纪40年代”,必须有定冠词“the”,此外,年代后要加s。“某人40多岁”要用“sb.is in one’ s forties”.
【同步精练】
1.Shortly after the accident two   police were sent to the spot to keep order.
A.hundred      B.hundreds
C.hundreds of    D.hundred of
2.Every year   watch NBA on TV.
A.million people   B.millions of people
C.millions people   D.million of people

【答案】1.A(hundred 前有数词修饰时不能加s, 表确数;无数词修饰时后要加s,且跟介词of, 即hundreds of,表约数,“数以百计的”的意思。)
2.B(同hundred 的用法。millions of “数以百万计的”的意思。)

3.There are   days in a year.
A.three hundreds sixty-five
B.three hundreds and sixty-five
C.three hundred and sixty-five
D.three hundred and sixty-five
4.My brother is in   .
A.Three Class,One Grade
B.Class Three,Grade One
C.Grade One,Class Three
D.class three,grade one

【答案】3.C (“三百六十五”用英语表达为:three hundred and sixty-five。)
4.B (“几年级几班”在英语中先说班再说年级。“一年级三班”应为:Class Three,Grade One。)
5.Please turn to   .Let’ s read the text aloud.
A.Page Two     B.the page two   C.second page    D.page second
6.—I’ m going to see Mr.Smith after school this afternoon.
—All right! I’ ll wait for you at   .
A.ten forty      B.ten past four
C.half to four    D.two ten

【答案】
5.A (“第二页”可以表示为:Page Two 或 the Second Page。)
6.B (“四点过十分”表示为:ten past four。)
7.He began to work there   .
A.on his fifty     B.at age of fifty
C.when he fifty    D.in his fifties
8.The bridge is one hundred   .
A.meter long     B.meter along
C.meters long     D.meters along

【答案】
7.D (“在某人几十岁时”表示为:in one’s 20-90的复数形式。“在他五十多岁时”表示 :in his fifties。)
8.C(one hundred修饰可数名词的复数,后面再跟表示长、宽或高等的形容词。)

 

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